One of the key sub-systems of a vehicle is the ignition system, it is controlled and evaluated by the E.C.M.(Engine Control Module). There are five major constituents playing an active role causing the combustion cycle and all factors must be executed simultaneously. The five factors are fuel, air, spark, pressure and timing. If any of these constituents are malfunctioning, it will transmute into the vehicle malfunctioning. In this tutorial, the focus will be on another component in the ignition subsystem; the Crankshaft Position Sensor, it is an easy replacement. It’s role is actively feed real time data to the Engine Control Module(ECM) to ensure accuracy of creating and sustaining the cyclical combustion.
The relevancy of the crankshaft position sensor(CKP) is to actively monitor and send live data to E.C.M. The E.C.M. is the centralized computer to oversee the operation and functionality of the ignition system. The E.C.M. is responsible for orchestrating lines of communication to individual components. The crankshaft positioning sensor measures the current position of the crankshaft which actively dictates on the current positioning of the pistons. For normal operation, the positioning and timing of the crankshaft is an imperative element in maintaining synchronization across the entirety of the system. When the Crankshaft is in the correct position or the timing is correct; a signal is sent to the E.C.M. In turn, the E.C.M. will send a signal ignition coil which will create strong enough current to create a spark from the spark plug when it is time appropriate.
The inner operations of the crankshaft position sensor has an air gap separating the sensor from the gear. The inner mechanics of the crankshaft position sensor has a magnet or solenoid wire, it is strong enough to generate a voltage from the gear teeth which is measured from the processing chip. The processing chip measures the data with like a manual light switch. The data is transferred to the E.C.M. through the signal wire. In the 2013 Mitsubishi Lancer ES, there are three pins one is the positive, signal and the other is the ground. The signal wire is found in the middle. The connections can be determined from using a multi-meter and measuring the values coming from the E.C.M. connection side of the vehicle not the crankshaft position sensor. The diagrams below is based upon generalized designs and is not an applicable design to the Lancer. The schematic provides a generalized understanding of the inner operations and the circuitry and what other components constitutes to the sensor.
As show below, there are three wires connecting to the processing unit and the magnet. The positive and ground connections power the processing unit and it's required components. The signal wire is connected to the magnet, and transfers the voltage from the gear to magnet to the processing unit which converts the voltage to signal that can be determined by the E.C.M.
In this tutorial, it is assumed the Lancer is currently resting on Jack stands because it will be required in order to access the sensor and replace it. Also, the plastic shield are already removed from the vehicle. It will be mentioned in the tutorial to remove them, but it will not explain how to remove them.
It is possible to test to see if the crankshaft positioning sensor is operating correctly by identification of the electrical pins. Using a multi-meter connect it to the positive and ground pins. The magnetic generate enough voltage by waving a metallic and magnetic tool in front of it. If a voltage reading is present on the multi-meter the crankshaft positioning sensor is functioning properly. No reading means it has failed or malfunctioning. The electrical schematic was found on an EVO forum that identifies the pins the show the electrical circuitry. Over time, an actual troubleshooting test will be updated on in this tutorial. Also, check the references. There is an adequate amount of information there to help write this tutorial, diagnose and replace the sensor on the Lancer.