Introduction:
Over the years, a vehicles in comparison of being initially introduced were purely mechanical systems and with each new iteration, it has gotten more complex. Eventually, electrical systems and components were introduced. The objective of the implementation of it was to automate processes, control and diagnose and evaluate mechanical failures. When initially turning on the vehicle by putting the key into the ignition, there are a series of automated processes. A key component to automate processes and offer up control in modern day cars is the electromagnetic relay. In the instant moment of putting the key in the ignition to the initialization of the engine, there are series of automated switches turning on and off. These switches are continuously oscillating from the on and off position while the vehicle is operational.
Purpose and Functionality:
When the key is inserted into the ignition switch, it initializes the E.C.M.(Engine Control Module). The E.C.M. may be compared to being the brain of the vehicle, it's objective is to govern, assess and control the power train assembly and it’s subsystems. From the initialization of the vehicle, the ECM takes priority in the initialization sequence. In an instant the ECM will send a voltage to the relays to power on subsystems. In vehicles, it is common for there to be relays for fuel pump, starter, headlights, high beams, ECU, refrigeration. These switches could be manually done which can become a deterrence and a hassle. With the introduction of electromagnetism, the mechanical system of a regular electrical switch could be automated. The ECM will send a voltage which will generate a mechanical force strong enough adjust the leveler to the on or off position. The voltage sent from the ECM is converted in mechanical force from the sinusoidal wire. The schematics below show the mechanical operation electrical circuitry and list the the components with in a relay.
Potential causes of failure:
The inner components of the relay may have worn or the sinusoidal wiring connection may be impeded which can be derived from burned coils, carbon buildup, mechanical binding, contact welding or corroded connections and normative defection. Below are some symptoms of defective electromagnetic relays that may be recognized in a vehicle.
- Vehicle wont start or unresponsive
- Engine light illumination
- Dead battery after night
- Engine Stalls
